The Scientific Method Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Scientific Method - Essay Example The message appeared to move from â€Å"don’t drink alcohol† to â€Å"if you savor, drink moderation†. Progressively logical examination really found that devouring a few sorts of liquor with some restraint, for example, one glass of wine for every day, really had sound advantages for the heart. Presently the message changed to â€Å"drinking specific kinds of liquor with some restraint can really be useful for you.† The latest investigations appear to now demonstrate that the utilization of liquor is superfluous to acceptable heart wellbeing. The grapes give the genuine advantage, not the liquor; so drinking a modest quantity of grape juice can render indistinguishable helpful impacts from a glass of wine. These ever-changing messages we get about the utilization of liquor and how it identifies with human wellbeing is a genuine case of what science can and can not do. Following the logical strategy is an incredible method to efficiently address logical in quiries. Be that as it may, Science can't give the entire picture just from one investigation. Different analysts and trials should be led to continually add to our assortment of information. In the long run, a few things may get acknowledged as verification of some idea, however utilizing the logical strategy is no assurance that causality or truth can be built up.

How You Should Be Asking For a Letter of Recommendation

How Many Recommendation Letters Do I Need? Asking the right people is crucial! For many students looking to apply to medical school, asking for a letter ofrecommendation can feel pretty daunting, especially if you’re requesting it frompeople whom you may not have seen for a couple of years. And since you often don’t get to see your letters before submission, this is the part of your application that is least in your control. I remember wondering who the best people to write my letters were, especially coming from an engineering major with not too many ‘traditional’ pre-med biology courses. In this post, I’ll suggest some tips for navigating the recommendation letter process! How Many Recommendation Letters Do I Need? In general, most medical schools require at least 3 letters of recommendation. People generally will submit between 3 and 5 letters, depending on where they are in their educational career (ex. in college, just graduated, well-established professionally). Every so often you will encounter someone who sends 9 recommendation letters as part of their application. This is not necessary! I believe there are 3-4 core letters required for a comprehensive medical school application, with a possible 5th depending on how much you have done since you graduated from college. These letters apply generally if you are within 5 years of your college graduation. If you’re more than 5 years out of school, try to get the college letters if you can, and if not, supplement with the most similarity possible from your career and/or post-baccalaureate program. Recommender #1 Who: Someone from the department of your undergraduate major. Regardless of whether this was Biology or Classical Literature, you spent the majority of your academic undergraduate career in this department, so it is important to have someone who can speak specifically to you as a candidate. When: If you have a specific advisor with whom you meet regularly, it is good to bring up medical school as early as possible. They will probably be expecting you to ask them for a letter, but giving them at least a 3 month window is common courtesy. If you are getting a letter from someone who doesn't already know about your plans, try to let them know about 6 months in advance so you can set up a few meetings to explain your goals to them. How: Make sure to reflect on how your major fits into your medical school plans and share this with this letter writer. This is easier for majors like biology or chemistry, but might be trickier for less 'science-y' majors. Either way, it is important for medical schools to understand your whole educational story. (If you need support clarifying your narrative and deciding on the best way to present yourself, our medical school admissions coaches can help). Recommender #2 Who: Someone who taught one of your pre-medical courses (make sure there is a professor’s name on it, even if it is a TA who writes most of the letter) When: It is important to consider this letter early. Often, premedical prerequisite classes are large, and you might have to do a little legwork to reach a point where you feel comfortable asking for a letter of recommendation. Think about your relationship with your professor as soon as you begin prereq courses. If you feel that they could reflect positively on your work, set up a meeting with them soon after the class ends to let them know. That way, the professors won't be surprised if you are reaching out a few years later. If a freshman or early sophomore year teacher is the one with whom you clicked the most, it is okay to reach that far back as long as your other letters reflect your more recent performance and personality developments. How: Make sure to put in effort to establish a relationship with a prereq professor. Seek them out in office hours, ask questions about exams, and answer questions in discussions. They will be able to write a much more personal (and effective) letter if they know you outside of your grade in the class. Recommender #3 Who:A faculty/senior member involved in one of your extracurricular activities When: If you are involved in the activity through your application process, follow the guidelines from above (give them a 3 month window if they already know you are applying to medical school, and 6 months if they don't know). If you have graduated or the activity ended before you apply, approach this person immediately after you leave so they they know to expect a request. How: Set up a meeting with them and be upfront about the aspects of this activity that you think help support your application's personal narrative. This recommender is in the best position to reflect on your positive traits outside an academic setting, so traits like leadership, organization, and self-motivation could be important things to try to mention. Teamwork and collaboration are also highly valued in medical environments; if you have clear examples of how you worked well in a team, or navigated a group through a tricky time, be able to articulate that clearly. If you have good examples, you can bring these up with this writer during the conversation, and then follow up with an email recapping the list you mentioned. Recommender #4 The fourth letter is completely up to you. As I have alluded to, you want your application to reflect your personal story and the characteristics that support that story. If the first 3 letters encompass the important areas of your story, then there's no reason to add a fourth letterthat might be redundant. If you feel, however, that there is an important part of your story that has been left out, use the fourth letter to cover that topic. For instance, if you completed a minor program or a study abroad that was very influential to your decision to pursue medicine or your future goals, ask a faculty member or supervisor from that program to reflect on your participation. Recommender #5 If you have already graduated from undergrad and have accumulated significant experience post-grad that you think is an important player in your application, consider requesting a 5th letter. Who: Ask someone at a senior level in your post-grad life. If you are working, your boss or immediate supervisor is a good bet. If you’re still a student (ex. in graduate school), ask your most direct mentor. When: These letters will probably be a little easier to obtain than any school ones, since chances are you are still working with your recommender. How: It is still best to ask them in a dedicated meeting, as opposed to casually in an elevator or while walking out the door. Come prepared to the meeting (your resume is the most important to thing to bring! If you have ideas about your personal statement already, bring that too) so that they can directly ask you questions about why you want to go to medical school and what factors you would like for them to emphasize. There is also a lot of confusion regarding what to do AFTER the application process. In general, I don't think elaborate gifts are necessary for all of your recommenders. A nice hand-written note thanking them for their letter and updating them about the outcome of the process will be highly appreciated. It is great for professors to feel that their letter helped a student pursue their next goal. Do you have any questions about how to approach professors and potential recommenders? Feel free to reach out to us here, and we’ll get back to you soon. For more relevant reading, check out these other blog posts, written by our admissions coaches: X, Y, Z. Looking to work with Nikita Saxena? Feel free to get in touch! Cambridge Coaching offers private in-person tutoring in New York City and Boston, and online tutoring around the world. ;

Job Satisfaction Is Defined As The Positive Feeling Felt...

Job Satisfaction Job Satisfaction is defined as the positive feeling felt by an individual about a job which results from and evaluation of the job’s characteristics (Robbins Judge, 2013). With an understanding of job satisfaction we will look at and describe the issues of three individuals and their three different jobs. Describing their job satisfactions, dislikes, and how all this relates to their performances on the job. The three different jobs that are presented for consideration of job satisfaction are an accountant position where Maria works, a Quality Control Manager for an insurance company, and this is where Darell works, and finally we have a Retail Store Manager for an outdoor company where Mike works. All three of these jobs have characteristics that can contribute to increased levels of job satisfaction. All three of these jobs offer plenty of hours of work. This can lead to job stability and increase the affective commitment that a person might have toward a job (Milligan, 2014). Maria’s job as an accountant gives her job satisfaction because she has intellectual abilities that allow her to do mental thinking and reasoning. It could also be presumed that the Quality Control Manager and the Retail Store Manager have the same intellectual abilities. For the Quality Control Manager position the opportunity to travel all over the United States could produce job satisfaction. Finally th e position of the retail manager that Mike possesses gives job satisfactionShow MoreRelatedJob Satisfaction Among Library It Workers1073 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction This research study looks at job satisfaction among library IT workers as it related to demographic, socioeconomic, and other work-related variables. These variables include a sense of belonging, their faith in wanting to belong, feeling accepted, paying one s dues, the autonomy of one s job, promotional opportunities, and the job role. The research indicated that along with these variables, an MLS degree and salary related to job satisfaction among library IT workers and provided explanationsRead MoreApplication Of Theory : Low Morale Among Staff Members1363 Words   |  6 PagesApplication of Theory: Low Morale among Staff Members Nursing theories are defined as a systematic review of a phenomenon that consist of interconnected concepts. Theories can be classified in four categories: metatheory, grand theory, middle range theory, and situation-specific theory or by purpose. They are useful tools for reasoning, critical thinking, decision making, and problem solving in nursing practice. Theory provides the framework to a nurse’s professional practice, research, and education;Read MoreEssay on Employee Motivation 1738 Words   |  7 Pagesthe rewards is highly positive (2003, p.20). For sales people to reap rewards or benefits, they first need to know the expectancy of their position. During this first stage, the managers will layout the training that is needed and will set their goals. The managers are also responsible for continued follow up and coaching. Often times this type of follow up is accomplished on the sales floor, so they may continue to have a high level of performance. The coaching is kept positive so that the sales personRead MoreDefining Job Satisfaction1296 Words   |  5 Pages task satisfaction for neighborhood customer contentment, top quality, time, structure of organization and its particular strength gain a higher importance. It might be only so practical for the employees who communicate with customers one-to-one along with the employees in producing to process by means of fulfilling their tasks impeccably (perfectly), obstruct the wastage regarding enterprise and display positive behaviors like this, with construction of an emotional bond using their job and placeRead MoreMental Health : An Individual s Psychological And Emotional Wellbeing1411 Words   |  6 Pagesconsequences that it can have, not only to the individual but also to the productivity of their organization (Sainsbury Centre for Mental Health, 2007; Shaw Trust, 2010). Every year, mental health in the workplace is costing the UK economy approximately  £26 billion due to staff turnover, lower quality decisions, lower productivity and staff not turning up to work (Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, 2012). In a three-month period, individuals with depression miss an average of 4.8 workdaysRead MoreLeadership Styles And The Job Satisfaction Essay932 Words   |  4 Pagesleadership styles and its sub-scales have a significant role in job satisfaction. These results were consistencewith previous research results that doing in this field. 1. There is a positive correlation between leadership styles and the job-satisfaction in education providers. The determinants of job satisfaction, leadership is viewed as an important predictor and plays a central role. Leadership is a management function, which is mostly directed towards people and social interaction, as well asRead MoreMeaning And Nature Of Motivation854 Words   |  4 PagesMeaning and Nature of Motivation Motivation can be defined as psychological forces that determine the direction of a person’s behaviour in an organization, a person’s level of effort and persistence in the face of obstacles (Jones George, 2016). It is also the work a manager performs to induce subordinates to act in the desired manner by satisfying their needs and desires. It is concerned with how behaviour gets started, is energized, sustained and directed towards attaining a goal. It is characterizedRead MoreEmployees : Attitudes And Job Satisfaction1463 Words   |  6 PagesEmployees: Attitudes and Job Satisfaction What is attitude? Attitude can be defined as a reflection of how we feel about people, places, or things. It s an expression of like and dislikes based on the values or beliefs that an individual holds. Research suggest that attitude can be structured in terms of three component called the ABC Model: affective, behavioral, and cognitive. The affective component involves a person s feeling and emotion. For example: I hate my job. Behavioral is the actionRead MoreOrganization Behavior Midterm Quiz930 Words   |  4 Pagesskill involves the capacity to analyze and solve complex and interrelated problems? Answer Selected Answer: Conceptual Correct Answer: Conceptual . Question 4 .4 out of 4 points Correct An individual who helps others achieve high levels of both performance and satisfaction is a(n): Answer Selected Answer: effective manager. Correct Answer: effective manager. . Question 5 .4 out of 4 points Correct __________ in organizations emphasizes appreciation of differencesRead MoreThe Effects Of Emotions On The Workplace Essay1465 Words   |  6 Pageswithin an organization and how they can positively or negatively affect individuals. Components of emotions, such as emotional labor, affective events theory (AET), and emotional intelligence (EI) will be discussed in further detail in efforts to support the evidence that emotions are relevant in the workplace. An emotion can be defined as a brief, but intense reaction to an event that can cause a positive or negative feeling (Bauer Erdogan, 2012). These experienced emotions can influence a person’s

Does Media Influence Adolescent Girls Into Having Negative...

October 24,2010 Does the Media Cause Individuals to Develop Negative Body Images? The influence the media has upon all of society can have positive and negative effects on the public. The effect the media has on adolescent girls in regard to body image has had negative impacts, such as an obsession with body weight and what the society views as the â€Å"perfect body†. The media can be seen as partly responsible for the pressure adolescent females’ face in consideration to body issues. These pressures could be responsible for adolescent girls developing serious eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, which are two serious eating disorders which are affecting adolescent girls. A child, (Body image problems, eating†¦show more content†¦83). In one major American survey of over 500 adolescent girls aged 9-16, nearly 70% believed magazine pictures influenced their idea of the ideal body shape, and 47% of the same example wished to lose weight as a result (Clay, Vignoles amp; Dittmal, 2005). Harrison and Hefner undertook a study in 2006 which looked at â€Å"The media exposure, current and future body ideals and disordered eating among preadolescent girls† and believe an internalization of the thin body is to blame for eating disorders among women and adolescent girls, and is beginning to affect preadolescent girls (Harrison amp; Hefner, 2006). They define internalization as ‘the extent to which an individual cognitively accepts the thin societal standard of attractiveness as her own personal standard and engages in behavior designed to help her meet that standard’. As implicated by Thompson et al (as cited by Harrison amp; Hefner, 2011) a critical risk factor in the development of disordered eating. E xtreme dieting and exercising aimed at weight loss are done in the service of an internalized thin body ideal that has been learned via exposure to social sources exposing that ideal, one of which according to Harrison and Hefner is theShow MoreRelatedMedia Impact On Body Image1254 Words   |  6 Pagesimpact of media models on children’s and adolescents’ body image? Over recent times, the media has become a prominent part in the upbringing of young people. In particular the manner by which the media portrays body image has changed in numerous ways. Body image is defined as â€Å"a person’s perceptions, thoughts, and feelings about his or her body† by Grogan (as cited in Zaccagni, Masotti, Donati Gualdi-Russo, 2014). There is a stronger focus of what is considered to be the perfect body type andRead MoreResearch Paper on the Effects of Mass Media on the Perfect Body Image1569 Words   |  7 Pagesyou determine what body image should be? The desire for the perfect body has been prevalent throughout society for a vast majority of time. What makes teenage girls feel the need to strive for this â€Å"perfect body†? Some have asked, â€Å"†¦a rapidly growing body of research addresses the question of whether body perfect ideals in the mass media are a core risk factor for negative body image, particularly in women† (Dittmar, Helga) My hypothesis is â€Å"Does the media influence adolescent girl’s weight concernsRead MoreMedia s Influence On The Media1169 Words   |  5 PagesProblem The â€Å"Media† or medium is defined and described by encompassing television, music, radio, Internet and the newspaper to effectively communicate to populations worldwide. With all these mediums to ensure communication and information to communities globally, it has become a great staple in how many conduct their lives and communicate to others. While many would suggest that we are to not believe everything we read or see, could that mean that it has the ability to have a negative effect on someRead MoreTeenage Girls and Body Image Essay1291 Words   |  6 PagesTeenage girls are at an impressionable time in their lives. Mass Media is a key idea in one of the factors of socialization that become important to teenagers. Teenagers look to the media for a sense of entertainment. Whether it is movies, magazines, or even some aspects of social media, teenagers get a lot of influence from the media’s message. The problem with this is the media has a specific way of doing t hings and can be negative to a susceptible teenage girl. Media’s way of portraying a womanRead MoreFacebook s Influence On Social Media1549 Words   |  7 PagesWith rapid advancements in technology, social media has become more accessible to people allowing them to spend a great amount of time on social media. Types of social media include Facebook, Twitter, Snapchat, Instagram, and Tumblr. However, it wasn’t long before Facebook became one of the most used types of social media compared to others with about 1.15 billion users (Crowell 11). Reasons as to why Facebook has become more popular include that it allows people to do many things such as postingRead MoreThe Media s Influence On Female Adolescents1724 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å" The media needs to take responsibility for the effect it has on our younger generation....why aren’t we regulating things like calling people fat†(Lawrence)? The actress Jennifer Lawrence expressed her opinion on what s he believes, that the media is responsible for the damaging body image that has affected the younger generation. Considering this, recently there have been more studies and research on what has formed this ideal body.Also, the research conducted uncovered that the famous dollRead MoreDo Teenagers Place Too Much Importance On Their Appearance?1175 Words   |  5 Pageslifetime. It is where new emotions are revealed to you and new standards are set. Beauty is the main part of this time period that influences the teens the greatest. However, all these new factors to consider are overwhelming for teenagers, causing them to feel highly stressed. This is when teens look at themselves in the mirror and doubt their appearance, thinking their body is not good enough. But then we wonder, â€Å"Do teenagers place too much importance on their appearance?† The main reason of largeRead MoreEssay on The Influences of Media on Establishing Teenage Identities 1717 Words   |  7 PagesYO UTH CULTURE IN A YOUNG TEENAGE GIRLS LIFE Introduction As teenage girls seek to establish a sense of self, teens may experiment with different roles, activities and behaviors. This is an important process of forming a strong identity and developing a sense of direction through life. Mass media plays an important role in shaping the youth culture. As we all know that in the current modern society, internet, television and magazines has become the inseparable elements of a teenage girl’s life. InternetRead MoreMass Media s Influence On Body Image1414 Words   |  6 PagesMass Media’s Influence on Body Image Over the years a debate over who is to blame over the decline in how girls perceive themselves has arisen. With Photoshop being the societal norm concerning the media, it has become difficult for many to understand where the line between real and near impossible standards lies. Youths see an image edited to â€Å"perfection† and strive to reach the standards that they imagine due to the images displayed on magazines, television and social media. From Disney to magazinesRead MoreNegative Body Image Essay945 Words   |  4 PagesBody Image: Refers to the feelings people have about the way their bodies look. These feelings extend to how people believe others see them. Body image is commonly focused on the basic exterior physical appearance of people’s physique, facial features, body shape, hair color/texture, and skin color. People can have a positive body image or a negative one. People who have a negative body image often experience mental and physical health issues, and long-lasting negative self-perception can lead

A Prior Study Of The Region Is Necessary †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The A Prior Study Of The Region Is Necessary? Answer: Introduction In the month of September, a field project will be conducted in the city of Greater Geelong by the unit. For this reason, a prior study of the region is necessary. The main aim of this study is thus to analyze the socio-spatial pattern in Geelong, Victoria. Description and Analysis To study and analyze the socio-spatial patterns in Geelong, data set is necessary. Here, the data is collected from the 2016 Census data of the Australian Bureau of Statistics (Abs.gov.au, 2017). The 2016 census data for the Local Government Area (LGA) of the Greater Geelong Area has been collected. The main unit of research here is the religious diversity in the city of Greater Geelong. From the whole census data, the data on religion has been extracted. The main aim here is to check the religious diversity of the people in Greater Geelong. The graph below (figure 1) shows the distribution of religion in the city of Greater Geelong. Figure 1: Regional Diversity in Greater Geelong It can be seen from the Census data, that most of the people in the region of Greater Geelong do not belong to any particular religion as described by the people. The highest bar in the graph (figure 1) shows that it is almost 33.6 percent of the population of Greater Geelong who do not belong to any religion. Moreover, the next highest bar shows that 25.4 percent of the population is catholic. Nearly 10.8 percent of the population is Anglican (Church of England) and only 5.2 percent of the population belong to the uniting church. It can be seen that quite a large proportion of the residents are not comfortable in disclosing their religion. This includes almost 9.4 percent of the population. It can also be seen from this distribution that 41 percent of the population of Greater Geelong are Christians. There are no other religions such as Presbyterian, Buddhists, Islam, Greek Orthodox, Baptist or Hindus. Thus, from here, it can be said that the city is not much diverse in religions. It has been known that Australia is a country with huge religious diversity. This is mainly because of the extensive area of the country and the vast geological differences (Griffiths 2015). People from various parts of the world come to Australia and settle there for various reasons. But most of them settle in the mail cities so that the residence is close to their work place (McKim 2015). This leaves the suburbs to mostly the main citizens of the country. Moreover, it can be seen that the suburbs are quite scarcely populated. Thus, this may be the reason for the city of Geelong nit be diverse in religion. Conclusion From the analysis described above, it can be said that the city of Geelong has not been found to be diverse in religion. This is mainly because the people of other religion who come from other countries mostly prefer to settle in the cities so that it is close enough to their workplace. The country is planning to increase its immigrants in the upcoming years (Dow, Cuypers and Ertug 2016). Thus, it will not be much long before the whole country becomes a religious and culturally diversified country. References Abs.gov.au. (2017).Australian Bureau of Statistics, Australian Government. [online] Available at: https://www.abs.gov.au/. Dow, D., Cuypers, I.R. and Ertug, G., 2016. The effects of within-country linguistic and religious diversity on foreign acquisitions.Journal of International Business Studies,47(3), pp.319-346. Griffiths, P.J., 2015.Problems of religious diversity. John Wiley Sons. McKim, R., 2015.Religious ambiguity and religious diversity. Oxford University Press.

Lifting of Corporate Veil free essay sample

Lifting or Piercing the Corporate Veil is a Legal process or proceedings taken to uncover the common shield in respect of any suspicious event happened or to be happened or on the basis of allegation made or to be made against the Company. This piercing process can be compared to a person lifting the curtain of a Drama Stage to know what is actually happening without being the drama commenced. Piercing the Corporate Veil is a Premeditated process with an intention to curtail the unfair advantage enjoyed on forming of a Company. Merits on Incorporating a Company. Incorporating a Company is always preferred by active entrepreneurs than commencing a Partnership firm or sometimes a sole proprietorship. The major boons of incorporating a Company are: 1. Limited Liability. Almost all the Companies are started with limited liability status. A Company with Limited Liability indicates that a Members’ loss in a Company is only up to the value of his shares or loan made, if any thing unfortunate happens to the Corporate. We will write a custom essay sample on Lifting of Corporate Veil or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Personal Assets or earnings of Director or the Officer will never be put at risk. But if the event is a fraud or anything outside the purview of the Memorandum of Association (which means â€Å"Ultra Vires†) the Directors or â€Å"Officers in Default† {Section 5 of Companies Act} will be held for Personal Liability. 2. Protection of Name: The Company’s name will be protected immediately once it is approved by â€Å"Registrar of Companies† (herein after called as â€Å"ROC†). There will be no chance of another Company being started with the same name or even identical to the Companies Name. Whilst in the case of a Partnership Firm or Sole Proprietorship Concern, the name can be only protected by a Trademark Registration. 3. Existence. As an old proverb indicates, â€Å"Members may come and go, but the Company exists forever† is the gist of the Company formation. The Company will disappear only after the complicated winding up and liquidation process under the Specific order from Registrar of Companies or any other appropriate authority. 4. Raising Funds: There are not too many better options otherwise than incorporating the Company to raise funds for expansion of the markets for its products, commencing a new business, enter into a global market etc. Initially a Company will be floated as a Private Company (with a limit of 50 shareholders) and after rooting its base in the market, it may proceed with an Initial Public Offer to become a Public Company and gets listed in the Stock Exchange within 21 days of the closure of Public Offer (Usual Routine). A Company can also raise loan on its assets by creating a Charge (Fixed or Fluctuating) in favour of a Bank (Secured Creditor after Charge is being created) which is a very simple process done through MCA portal where the ROC is intimated by filing Form-8. 5. Taxation Benefits. The Taxation part is the most fruitful of all the benefits enjoyed by the Company. The Company’s liability for tax when compared to partnership firms and sole proprietorship concern is very limited. A corporate is blessed with so many deductions and other tax allowances which can be charged against the profits of the Company which limits the liability to pay tax. When Companies began to show Nil Total Income after their tax planning, Section 115JB was introduced in the Income Tax Act vide Finance Bill 2002, which articulates Minimum Alternate Tax whereby a minimum tax obligation was put on the Company which is charged against their Book Profits. Rising of Lifting the Corporate Veil concept. Any Company incorporated under the Companies Act, 1956, can enjoy all the fruits and permitted to do all the acts under the Laws of the land. But if the Companies start to get pleasure from other undue benefits prejudicial to the corporate habitat, the Lifting of Corporate of Veil concepts come into the picture. 1. Regular Company Law formalities are not followed. The Companies are required to abide with certain compliance formalities such as convening of Board Meetings and General Meetings, Filing of Balance Sheets with the RoC, filing Income Tax Return etc. When these regular formalities are not met or complied invariably, with/without any reason, legal actions may be initiated for piercing the corporate veil. 2. Disinvestment and Diversion of Funds. On some occasions directors may on their discretion, having the controlling stake may opt to disinvest or divert the funds without intimating the Shareholders. Such disinvestments or diversion of funds may adversely affect the financial stability of the Company in general and the interests of the stake holders in specific which invites the court to pierce the corporate veil of the Company. 3. Seasonal Non Payment/Excessive Payment of Dividend. Non payment or excessive payment of dividend to the shareholders may sometimes bring suspicions on other stakeholders or legal/governmental authorities for which lifting corporate veil proceedings get attracted. 4. Alter Ego concept. The Company being blessed with so many merits, will be floated and all regularities will be done at the initial stages so as to make it appear as an active company. But later, the alter ego of the Directors gradually starts visible and will occupy the driver’s seat of the company. When it is felt that there are some discrepancies being done placing Company as a shadow/mask, lifting corporate veil of the Company becomes indispensable. 5. Fraudulent Motive. When the judiciary feels that when there is any fraudulent activities are going on in a Company or there is a chance such malpractices, the Court has all the powers to pierce the corporate veil. 6. Enemy Character. At any time, if any Country has become the alien enemy (War has been declared against another Company), the Court has the authority to pierce the corporate veil so as to analyze the Shareholding and other management and fiduciary interests of the Alien Company in that Company to protect the General Interests. 7. Tax Regulation. If any tax legislation insists the appropriate authority to pierce the Corporate Veil, the Court would not mind the Separate Legal personality of the Company and proceed with digging the core of the formation and other commotions of that Company. Some Celebrated Case Laws related with Lifting the Corporate Veil of the Company: 1. Salomon Vs Salomon (1897) In this case, Mr. Saloman was dealing with shoe business. The Kingdom of Britain then enacted a statute providing for the incorporation of businesses and a corporation then had to have at least seven shareholders. Mr. Salomon formed a corporation, with all seven shareholders being members of his family. The business of the corporation eventually went under, leaving considerable unpaid debts and ever branching liabilities. The creditors argued in court that the shareholders should be liable for the debts of the corporation, because they were all related to Old Man Salomon, and that the corporation was set up a mere sham. The court held in favour of the shareholders, Old Man Salomons relatives. The fact that the shareholders were all related to Old Man Salomon was irrelevant in determining that the corporation legitimately existed as a separate entity, and thus the individual shareholders were not held liable for the corporations debts. This case law in a narrow aspect does not have any relevance with regard to Piercing Corporate Veil concept. But this judgment was taken as a trump card to taste the cream of formation of Companies. 2. Gilford Motor Company Vs Horne: In this case, the Court disregarded the judgment of Salomon Vs Salomon, questioning the distinct legal personality of a Company. Mr. Horne was an ex-employee of Gilford Motor Company and as per the terms of the employment, he should not solicit any of the Company’s customers. In order to defeat this provision, Mr. Horne incorporated a Company in his wife’s name and solicited all the customers for which the Company brought up action against him. The Court analyzed the motive of incorporating the limited Company and it was ipso facto found that the Company’s main purpose was to perpetrate the fraud. 3. Jones Vs Lipman This case is similar to Gilford Motor Company Vs. Horne. Here, Lipman entered into contract with Jones to sell his land. Later, Lipman changed his mind and transferred the property to a Company in order to avoid Specific Performance. But it was held that the Company as well as the transfer of property was only acting as a mask to avoid recognition by the eye of equity. 4. Edwards Company Inc Vs Monogram Company Inc: Monogram Industries acquired Entronic Corporation in the field of production of smoke detectors. Monogram made its purchases through its wholly owned subsidiary name Monotronics. Monotronics then entered a Limited Liability Partnership with Entronic Company and acted as a General Partner. In the course of the business, Edwards Inc granted loan worth $ 350,000 to Entronic Corporation which it could not ply went the market slashed. However, Monotronics, being a General Partner could repay a part of the loan worth $ 10,000 from its estate to Edwards Company. But, Edwards filed a suit against Monogram Industries for the recovery of the debt against Entronics, an attempt to pierce its corporate veil on the basis of the following grounds: a. The Board of Directors, Office and Contact numbers of Monotronics and Monograms are same. b. Monotronics was only a piece of paper or a dummy company as far as Monograms is concerned. But, the Honourable Court analyzed that: 1. There was nothing to prove or insist the court to order for lifting the corporate veil as there was no fraudulent act or injustice shown from the Company/Companies to escape from the liabilities. 2. There was no lack of separate existence of the 2 Companies. 3. There was no violation of any corporate formalities. 4. There was also no co-mingling of money and under capitalization in both the Companies. Taking in view of the above analysis, the Court quashed the suit filed by Edwards Company against the Monogram Group. Conclusion: It is always fruitful for active and vibrant entrepreneurs to expose their skills and respond to the changing environment by incorporating a Company. The Incorporation of such a corporate must be in the true spirit of law. Once the Company is floated, in spite of enjoying all the merits, it also has to comply with all the procedural and legal formalities. A Director of a Company must be also aware of Section 322 of Companies Act, 1956 which makes their liability unlimited. In the Era of Corporate Governance and Corporate Social Responsibility, the chance for lifting the Corporate Veil may not arise, but there are cases of â€Å"Fly by Night Entrepreneurs† and â€Å"Vanishing Companies† after the Initial Public Offer even after SEBI has framed vide variety of Guidelines for protecting investors and other stakeholders. In Taxation words, this can be compared with Tax Planning and Tax Evasion where the essence depends upon the intention of the assessee whether to apply all the loopholes available in the law or by pass the boundaries for unjust enrichment.

Author Scams and Publishing Companies to Avoid

Author Scams and Publishing Companies to Avoid Authors Beware: Scams and Publishing Companies to Avoid Becoming a published author is a fantasy shared by almost all writers. And as with almost any widely-shared ambition, there are also folks out there looking to make a quick buck by exploiting those dreams - whether they involve securing a book deal or going the indie publishing route.The publishing world has its fair share of scammers and disreputable companies. At Reedsy, we regularly hear from authors who, despite being well-informed and educated people, have fallen prey to these scammers. In this post, we’ll take a closer look at common writers scams and show you how to identify the publishing companies to avoid on your journey to publication.If you are wondering about the legitimacy of a certain company, leave us a comment below or drop us a line at service@reedsy.com.  We'll get back to you right away. Authors beware! Do you know the most common publishing scams? Vanity Pressesâ€Å"Oh, my! There’s a publisher who wants to release my book!†Not all publishers are created equal. For every Random House, there is some guy in a random house, convincing authors that they hold the key to publishing success. But before you sign on the dotted line, stop for a second and ask yourself and look at what they’re offering. What is a vanity press and why are they bad? Most reputable publishers share the same business model: the publisher acquires the rights to publish and distribute the book by paying the author an advance. The publisher will then cover the costs of editorial, design, and marketing. Once the book is published, the author will receive a royalty of every copy sold (after the author’s total royalties have covered the advance).